Supreme Court Limits Enforcement of Appellate Waivers in Cases Involving Miscarriages of Justice
On June 18, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Hunter v. United States that appellate waivers in plea agreements are not enforceable when doing so would result in a “miscarriage of justice.” The Court rejected arguments that knowing and voluntary appeal waivers must always be enforced, recognizing instead a narrow exception for sentences tainted by obvious and egregious errors that threaten public confidence in the judiciary.
The decision resolves a longstanding circuit split and underscores the judiciary’s independent role in safeguarding the integrity of the criminal justice system. Although appellate waivers remain generally enforceable, Hunter creates a limited pathway for defendants to challenge certain unlawful sentences notwithstanding a waiver provision in a plea agreement.
The case also produced a notable concurrence from Justice Gorsuch, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, questioning the modern plea-bargaining system and the leverage prosecutors wield in securing guilty pleas and appellate waivers. Read more in this blog post.
Back Before the Fifth Circuit: DOJ Appeals Another FCPA Acquittal
On May 8, 2026, the U.S. Department of Justice appealed Judge Kenneth Hoyt’s post-verdict acquittal in the FCPA prosecution of Ramón Alexandro Rovirosa Martínez, setting up what could become a significant Fifth Circuit decision on both double jeopardy and the use of translated foreign language evidence in federal criminal trials.
Although a Houston jury convicted Rovirosa in December 2025 on conspiracy and substantive FCPA charges tied to alleged bribery of officials at Mexico’s state-owned oil company, Pemex, Judge Hoyt later vacated the convictions, concluding that the Government’s reliance on certified English translations of Spanish language communications violated the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause because the translators themselves did not testify.
The appeal raises potentially consequential questions about whether post-verdict acquittals can be reviewed without violating double jeopardy protections, and whether certified translations of foreign language communications are “testimonial” statements requiring live confrontation. This blog post explores those issues and places the appeal in the broader context of the Fifth Circuit’s continuing scrutiny of major FCPA decisions.
