Tariff Enforcement at the Forefront: Importer Agrees to Pay $549.5 million in Largest-Ever Trade-Related False Claims Act Settlement
On May 12, 2026, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) announced a $549.5 million settlement with Perfectus Aluminum Acquisitions LLC and four affiliated companies to resolve allegations that they violated the False Claims Act (“FCA”) by evading customs duties. This settlement is the largest trade-related settlement under the FCA.
The action was initiated by qui tam cases brought by individuals who worked for U.S.-based competitors and the Aluminum Extrusion Counsel and ultimately coordinated through the DOJ’s Trade Fraud Task Force, which involved cooperation between DOJ and the Department of Homeland Security. This case highlights the increasing use of the FCA to hold importers liable for the underpayment of customs duties, the Administration’s commitment to enforcing U.S. customs laws, and the potential for competitors and former employees to harness the FCA to motivate federal investigations into allegations of trade fraud.
This post examines the settlement and discusses its implications for importers, manufacturers, and other companies facing customs and trade enforcement risk.
DOJ’s FOCUS Initiative: An Invitation or a Warning to Data Miner Relators?
On April 30, 2026, the Department of Justice’s Civil Division announced the Fraud Oversight through Careful Use of Statistics, or FOCUS, initiative. The initiative is aimed at a fast-growing category of False Claims Act relators that exploded in the aftermath of the pandemic and the Paycheck Protection Program: “data miners” who analyze publicly available government data to identify potential fraud and then file qui tam complaints. DOJ’s message to these non-traditional relators is twofold. First, the Department seems to have accepted that data-miner relators are here to stay, and so has invited sophisticated, well-supported data analysis that can help identify fraud that might otherwise go undetected. But second, DOJ intends to prioritize data-miner relators who can demonstrate meaningful pre-filing diligence, analytical rigor, familiarity with the governing program rules, and legally sufficient allegations.
For companies in sectors with substantial government funding or reimbursement, including healthcare, life sciences, defense, education, technology, and other government contractors, the practical takeaway is straightforward. Companies should evaluate their own publicly available data with the same skepticism and sophistication that a relator, short seller, or agency analyst might apply. Leveraging enhanced analytics and AI to match and front-run potential data miner-driven qui tams will allow companies to quickly assess the likely source of government interest, and explain it.
Clear and Present Danger: DOJ Trade Fraud and Anti-Corruption Priorities Signal Lasting Compliance Risk
This article, “Clear and Present Danger: How U.S. Department of Justice Trade-Fraud and Anti-Corruption Priorities Show Trade and Customs Risks Are Here to Stay,” published in The Global Trade Law Journal, examines the DOJ’s increased focus on trade fraud, tariff evasion and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act risks. The authors highlight key enforcement trends, including expanded whistleblower incentives and renewed use of the Trade Fraud Task Force, and explain how these developments are driving more aggressive investigations. The article also outlines practical steps companies can take to strengthen trade compliance, enhance oversight of third-party intermediaries and reduce enforcement risk.
New Guidance on U.S. Procurement Raises Risk to Federal Contractors From Potentially Discriminatory Practices
The Trump Administration is advancing a coordinated effort to tie federal funding and contracting eligibility more closely to its interpretation of antidiscrimination law. Recent Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) guidance directs agencies to incorporate a new contract clause prohibiting practices the Administration deems discriminatory, while proposed revisions to System for Award Management (SAM) certifications would require recipients of federal grants and other financial assistance to affirm compliance with similar standards. These developments build on earlier Department of Justice guidance outlining the types of conduct the Administration views as unlawful and are reinforced by a recent False Claims Act (FCA) settlement signaling a willingness to pursue enforcement in this area. Together, the FAR changes and proposed SAM revisions point to a more integrated enforcement framework—one that expands certification and disclosure obligations, links compliance more directly to FCA materiality, and increases oversight and reporting expectations. For federal contractors and grant recipients, the result is a heightened risk environment requiring careful reassessment of policies, internal controls, and subcontractor compliance in anticipation of greater scrutiny from both contracting agencies and enforcement authorities.
Drug Pricing and Medicaid Rebate Reporting: Enforcement Risk Remains
A recent analysis examines ongoing enforcement risks tied to drug pricing and Medicaid rebate reporting under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program (MDRP), focusing on a federal court decision addressing how “strength” should be defined for products with the same concentration but different volumes. The court adopted a broader FDA-based definition and dismissed False Claims Act allegations, but the absence of clear statutory or regulatory guidance leaves room for continued scrutiny and potential shifts in agency interpretation. Read the full article for key takeaways on how courts may approach undefined MDRP terms, how FDA regulations can influence rebate reporting obligations, and practical steps manufacturers can take to mitigate False Claims Act risk through consistent, well documented compliance practices.
U.S. DOJ Issues Guidance on “Unlawful Discrimination” Related to DEI Programs for Recipients of Federal Funding
On July 30, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) issued guidance on “unlawful discrimination” for recipients of federal funding and other entities subject to federal antidiscrimination laws, further underscoring Trump administration officials’ commitment to pursuing investigations and enforcement activity in this area.
U.S. DOJ Announces Renewal of FCA Working Group
On July 2, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the renewal of the DOJ-HHS False Claims Act Working Group (Working Group), a partnership with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that aims to strengthen use of the False Claims Act (FCA) to combat healthcare fraud. (more…)
U.S. DOJ Civil Division to Investigate Possible Violations of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act by Pharmaceutical Firms Manufacturing Drugs Used in Gender Transition Care
On June 11, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Civil Division issued a memorandum outlining five Trump administration policy objectives and “direct[ing] Civil Division attorneys to prioritize investigations and enforcement actions advancing these priorities.”1 The memorandum is signed by Assistant Attorney General Brett A. Shumate, who was confirmed by the Senate two days earlier, on June 9, 2025.2 One of the five policy objectives, entitled “Protecting Women and Children,” has potentially significant enforcement implications for pharmaceutical companies whose drugs may be used in gender transition care — even if they are used off-label.
